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Has the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) had an overall benefit for the U.S.?

Candidates' positions are categorized as Pro (Yes), Con (No), Not Clearly Pro or Con, or None Found.
Candidates who have changed their positions are listed as Now their most recent position.
(Candidates are listed in alphabetical order by party; black & white photos indicate candidates who have withdrawn or who no longer meet our criteria.)

Democratic Party (D)

Candidate
Position
  Clinton, Hillary
Now Not Clearly Pro or Con
  Obama, Barack
Con
  Biden, Joe
(Withdrew on
Jan. 3, 2008)
None Found
  Dodd, Chris
(Withdrew on
Jan. 3, 2008)
None Found
  Edwards, John
(Withdrew on
Jan. 30, 2008)
None Found
  Kucinich, Dennis
(Withdrew on
Jan. 25, 2008)
None Found
  Richardson, Bill
(Withdrew on
Jan. 10, 2008)
None Found
  Vilsack, Tom
(Withdrew on
Feb. 23, 2007)
None Found

Republican Party (R)

Candidate
Position

  McCain, John Pro
  Paul, Ron Con
  Brownback, Sam
(Withdrew on
Oct. 19, 2007)
None Found
  Gilmore, Jim
(Withdrew on
July 14, 2007)
None Found
  Giuliani, Rudy
(Withdrew on
Jan. 30, 2008)
None Found
  Huckabee, Mike
(Withdrew on
Mar. 4, 2008)
None Found
  Hunter, Duncan
(Withdrew on
Jan. 19, 2008)
None Found
  Romney, Mitt
(Withdrew on
Feb. 7, 2008)
None Found
  Tancredo, Tom
(Withdrew on
Dec. 20, 2007)
None Found
  Thompson, Fred
(Withdrew on
Jan. 22, 2008)
None Found
  Thompson, Tommy
(Withdrew on
Aug. 12, 2007)
None Found

3rd Parties / Independents (3rd/I)
Candidate
Position
 Gravel, Mike
 (Lib)
Con
 Keyes, Alan
 (Ind)
Con
 McKinney, Cynthia
 (Grn)
Con
 Nader, Ralph
 (Ind)
Con
 Imperato, Daniel
 (Ind)
Not Clearly Pro or Con
 Kubby, Steve
 (Lib)
Not Clearly Pro or Con
 McEnulty, Frank
 (Ind)
Pro
 Smith, Christine
 (Lib)
None Found
Additional Resources:

  1. >Read what the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is in our Glossary.
  2. Is outsourcing jobs to other countries good for America? - Read the 2008 presidential candidates' pro and con responses to this question.
  3. Should the U.S. include mandatory regulations for labor rights in free trade agreements? - We asked the 2008 presidential candidates this question. Read their pro and con responses.


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Has the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) had an overall benefit for the U.S.?

Candidates are listed in alphabetical order. Positions are categorized as Pro (Yes), Con (No), Not Clearly Pro or Con, or None Found.
Candidates who have withdrawn or who no longer meet our
criteria are listed last.

   Pro (Yes)    Con (No)

         Clinton, Hillary (D) - Now Not Clearly Pro or Con

Hillary Clinton, U.S. Senator (D-NY), stated at the Feb. 26, 2008 Democratic Presidential Debate in Cleveland, OH:

"[Hillary] Clinton: I have been a critic of NAFTA from the very beginning. I didn't have a public position on it, because I was part of the administration, but when I started running for the Senate, I have been a critic. I've said it was flawed. I said that it worked in some parts of our country, and I've seen the results in Texas. I was in Laredo in the last couple of days. It's the largest inland port in America now. So clearly, some parts of our country have been benefited...

I have said that I will renegotiate NAFTA, so obviously, you'd have to say to Canada and Mexico that that's exactly what we're going to do...

[Tim] Russert: You will get out. You will notify Mexico and Canada, NAFTA is gone in six months.

Clinton: No, I will say we will opt out of NAFTA unless we renegotiate it, and we renegotiate on terms that are favorable to all of America."
Feb. 26, 2008 Hillary Clinton

   Clinton, Hillary (D) - Pro

[Editor's Note: Prior to Hillary Clinton's Feb. 26, 2008 Not Clearly Pro or Con position above, her position was Pro as indicated in her quote from a Jan. 5, 2004 News Teleconference that was aired on a Nov. 18, 2007 broadcast of Meet the Press with Tim Russert below.]

"...I think on balance NAFTA has been good for New York and America."
Jan. 5, 2004 Hillary Clinton


Top
   Gravel, Mike (Lib) - Con

Mike Gravel, former U.S. Senator (D-AK), in an article titled "How Mike Stands on the Issues" on his official candidate website (accessed Mar. 17, 2008), stated:

"The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has been a disaster for the working class of both the U.S. and Mexico and a boon to the international corporate interests. A study by the Economic Policy Institute found that over 1 million U.S. jobs were lost as a result of NAFTA, a third of them manufacturing jobs."
Mar. 17, 2008 Mike Gravel


Top
   Keyes, Alan (Ind) - Con

Alan Keyes, former Assistant U.S. Secretary of State, stated during the Sep. 8, 2004 Illinois Agricultural Legislative Roundtable Candidates' Forum:

"I used to be, like a lot of conservatives, a pretty knee-jerk free-trader, and I was engaging in the NAFTA discussion at the time that that was controversial, and I started listening to some of my colleagues, people I know, Pat Buchanan and others, and they were making arguments against them, and I found over the course of time that I was less and less convinced by my own arguments. And I was less and less convinced by them because the concrete results that were being produced in various areas for America didn't correspond to the theory. And you do have to take account of this, you know, at some point. You have to ask yourself whether or not the theory that sounds good is actually producing results that are good. And yes, people will say, we've gotten some good results for our farmers, but it's all relative, as I was just saying. I believe we could get better results for our farmers, see? Because I believe we need to crack some of the nuts that are larger and have been resisting us successfully, making use of this peculiar mélange of regional and multilateral approaches...

But I think you especially start to be a little skeptical about the whole thing when you look at what has been the actual result for workers in our country."
Sep. 8, 2004 Alan Keyes


Top
McCain, John (R) - Pro

John McCain, U.S. Senator (R-AZ), in a video titled "Re: Was NAFTA a good idea?" on Big Think website and dated Dec. 14, 2007, stated:

"I know NAFTA was a good idea. It has created millions of jobs and it has helped the economies of all three of these nations. All you have to do is go to Detroit and see the thousands of trucks lined up every day or go to our southern border. There have been winners and losers. And that's the problem. But free trade is something that I think is vital to America."
Dec. 14, 2007 John McCain


Top
   McKinney, Cynthia (Grn) - Con

Cynthia McKinney, former U.S. House Representative (D-GA), stated in a Jan. 8, 2008 article titled "Reconstruction Renaissance: An Interview with Cynthia McKinney," posted on All Things Cynthia McKinney website:

"We have to put a stop to these 'free trade' agreements, and quickly.

After 14 years of NAFTA it is absolutely clear that unemployment in the United States has risen as a result of this treaty. We are losing jobs -- especially jobs with living wages and benefits -- to all these 'free trade' agreements, be it NAFTA, CAFTA [Central America Free Trade Agreement], the Caribbean FTA [Free Trade Agreement], the U.S.-Peru FTA, you name it. The American workers are not benefiting from these agreements. Their jobs and communities are being destroyed. Nor are working people in the rest of the world benefiting from these agreements. Quite the contrary: Their working conditions and living standards, which were already bad, are deteriorating exponentially. Only the transnational corporations are benefiting. They are reaping super-profits. This new 'globalization' has become a race to the bottom. And now the American workers have joined in this race."
Jan. 8, 2008 Cynthia McKinney


Top
   Nader, Ralph (Ind) - Con

Ralph Nader, attorney, author, and political activist, stated in a YouTube video of a PBS Now episode, "Ralph Nader on International Trade, NAFTA, and the WTO," (accessed Apr. 9, 2008):

"WTO [World Trade Organization] and NAFTA are systems of transnational forms of autocratic governance that subordinate our own courts and our own regulatory agencies and health, environment, labor, and consumer standards."
Apr. 9, 2008 Ralph Nader


Top
   Obama, Barack (D) - Con

Barack Obama, U.S. Senator (D-IL), stated in a Feb. 24, 2008 article titled "Remarks for Senator Barack Obama: National Gypsum in Lorain, Ohio" on his official candidate website:

"We can't keep passing unfair trade deals like NAFTA that put special interests over workers' interests...

...I don't think NAFTA has been good for America - and I never have. I didn't just start criticizing unfair trade deals like NAFTA because I started running for office - I'm doing it because I've seen what happens to a community when the factory closes down and the jobs move overseas."
Feb. 24, 2008 Barack Obama

CANDIDATES WHO HAVE WITHDRAWN OR WHO NO LONGER MEET OUR CRITERIA
     Biden, Joe (D) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 3, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
     Brownback, Sam (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Oct. 19, 2007; no position found as of that date


Top
     Dodd, Chris (D) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 3, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
     Edwards, John (D) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 30, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
     Gilmore, Jim (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Aug. 14, 2007; no position found as of that date


Top
     Giuliani, Rudy (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 30, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top

     Huckabee, Mike (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Mar. 4, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
     Hunter, Duncan (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 19, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
     Imperato, Daniel (Ind) - Not Clearly Pro or Con

Daniel Imperato, an Independent candidate and business entrepreneur, stated in a Mar. 11, 2008 telephone interview with ProCon.org:

"I think that NAFTA could have had a benefit for the United States of America, but unfortunately George Bush took over Bill Clinton's problem of terrorists entering our country. 9-11 took our eye off the ball pertaining to the NAFTA agreement and the implementation and the strengthening of the relations. So I think that NAFTA has been neglected. I think that NAFTA is a good trade agreement in basis."
Mar. 11, 2008 Daniel Imperato


Top
     Kubby, Steve (Lib) - Not Clearly Pro or Con

   Steve Kubby, founder of the American Medical Marijuana Association, stated in a Mar. 12, 2008 email to ProCon.org:

"The stated intent of NAFTA -- to open the borders of the US, Mexico and Canada to a free flow of goods and services -- is good, but that could be accomplished with a one-sentence proclamation from each of the three governments: 'All restrictions, tariffs and excises on the movement of goods and services exchanged over the borders of the US, Mexico and Canada are hereby repealed.' Everything else in NAFTA is negative. It's a big stack of exceptions, set-asides and bureaucratic distortions with a fake 'free trade' stamp on it, and figuring out how the benefits and disadvantages balance against each other is a tangled web of special interests and loopholes."
Mar. 12, 2008 Steve Kubby


Top
     Kucinich, Dennis (D) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 25, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
   McEnulty, Frank (Ind) - Pro

Frank McEnulty, an Independent candidate and President of Our Castle Homes, in a Mar. 19, 2008 email to ProCon.org, stated:

"Yes, to a point. I believe that we need to take a breather before we put into affect any further provisions of NAFTA so that we can get a good look at the positives and the negatives that have resulted from the agreement. This would be especially true when it comes to the effect it has had on jobs for Americans."
Mar. 19, 2008 Frank McEnulty


Top
     Richardson, Bill (D) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 10, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
     Romney, Mitt (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Feb. 7, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
     Smith, Christine (Lib) - None Found  
   
ProCon.org emailed the Smith campaign on Mar. 11, 2008 with this question. We had not received a reply or found a position as of Mar. 21, 2008.

 

Top
     Tancredo, Tom (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Dec. 20, 2007; no position found as of that date


Top
     Thompson, Fred (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 22, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
     Thompson, Tommy (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Sep. 12, 2007; no position found as of that date


Top
     Vilsack, Tom (D) - None Found  
Withdrew on Feb. 23, 2007; no position found as of that date

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