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Should parental consent be required for pregnant minors to have abortions?

Candidates' positions are categorized as Pro (Yes), Con (No), Not Clearly Pro or Con, or None Found.
Candidates who have changed their positions are listed as Now their most recent position.
(Candidates are listed in alphabetical order by party; black & white photos indicate candidates who have withdrawn or who no longer meet our criteria.)

Democratic Party (D)
Candidate
Position
  Clinton, Hillary
Con
  Obama, Barack
Not Clearly Pro or Con
  Biden, Joe
(Withdrew on
Jan. 3, 2008)
None Found
  Dodd, Chris
(Withdrew on
Jan. 3, 2008)
None Found
  Edwards, John
(Withdrew on
Jan. 30, 2008)
None Found
  Kucinich, Dennis
(Withdrew on
Jan. 25, 2008)
None Found
  Richardson, Bill
(Withdrew on
Jan. 10, 2008)
None Found
  Vilsack, Tom
(Withdrew on
Feb. 23, 2007)
None Found
Republican Party (R)
Candidate
Position
  McCain, John
Pro
  Paul, Ron
Not Clearly Pro or Con
  Brownback, Sam
(Withdrew on
Oct. 19, 2007)
None Found
  Gilmore, Jim
(Withdrew on
July 14, 2007)
None Found
  Giuliani, Rudy
(Withdrew on
Jan. 30, 2008)
None Found
  Huckabee, Mike
(Withdrew on
Mar. 4, 2008)
Pro
  Hunter, Duncan
(Withdrew on
Jan. 19, 2008)
None Found
  Romney, Mitt
(Withdrew on
Feb. 7, 2008)
None Found
  Tancredo, Tom
(Withdrew on
Dec. 20, 2007)
None Found
  Thompson, Fred
(Withdrew on
Jan. 22, 2008)
None Found
  Thompson, Tommy
(Withdrew on
Aug. 12, 2007)
None Found
3rd Parties / Independents (3rd/I)
Candidate
Position
 Gravel, Mike
 (Lib)
None Found
 Keyes, Alan
 (Ind)
Not Clearly Pro or Con
 McKinney, Cynthia
 (Grn)
Not Clearly Pro or Con
 Nader, Ralph
 (Ind)
None Found
  Imperato, Daniel
(No longer met criteria
on Mar. 21, 2008)
None Found
  Kubby, Steve
(No longer met criteria
on Mar. 21, 2008)
Pro
  McEnulty, Frank
(No longer met criteria
on Mar. 21, 2008)
Pro
  Smith, Christine
(No longer met criteria
on Mar. 21, 2008)
Pro
Additional Resources:

  1. Should "partial-birth abortion" be banned? - Links to a pro-con question at ACLU ProCon.org
  2. Should abortion remain a legal option in America? - We asked the 2008 presidential candidates this question. Read their pro and con responses.


ISSUES
Abortion
1. Legal option
2. Parental consent
Character
3. Honesty vs. competence
China
4. Threat to U.S.?
5. Human rights

Criminal Justice
6. Felon voting
7. Rehab vs. incarceration
Cuba
8. Embargo
Darfur
9. Genocide

Death Penalty
10. Legal option

Defense
11. Missile defense shield

District of Columbia
12. Statehood

Economy
13. Outsourcing jobs
14. Free trade regulations
15. NAFTA

Education
16. No Child Left Behind
17. Increasing costs
18. School vouchers
19. Abstinence only

Election Reform
20. Paper trails
21. Campaign contributions
22. Public financing

Eminent Domain
23. Non-government use

Energy
24. ANWR drilling
25. Price of U.S. gasoline

Environment
26. International agreements
27. Fuel efficiency
28. Global climate change

Gun Control
29. Federal regulations

Health Care
30. Subsidized care
31. Prescription options
32. Fast food and obesity

Immigration
33. Net impact on economy
34. Rights and benefits
35. U.S.-Mexico fence

Iran
36. U.S. military force
Iraq War
37. Was the attack a mistake?
38. Is America safer?
39. Withdrawal timetable

Israel
40. Military and economic aid

Israeli-Palestinian conflict
41. Hamas
42. Palestine

Kosovo
43. Independence

Marriage
44. Constitutional amendment
45. Infidelity

Media
46. Protecting sources

Medical Marijuana
47. Legalization
48. Raids

National I.D.
49. National I.D. card

National Service
50. Draft
51. Gays in the military
52. Mandatory service

Presidential Power
53. Line item veto
54. Unitary executive theory

Religion
55. Faith-based funding
56. Importance to voters

Social Security
57. Privatizing

Stem Cells
58. Federal funding

Taxes
59. Bush tax cuts

Turkey
60. Entering Iraq

U.S. Constitution
61. Alteration

War on Terror
62. Waterboarding
63. Guantanamo Bay
64. PATRIOT Act
65. Warrantless wiretapping



Should parental consent be required for pregnant minors to have abortions?

Candidates are listed in alphabetical order. Positions are categorized as Pro (Yes), Con (No), Not Clearly Pro or Con, or None Found.
Candidates who have withdrawn or who no longer meet our
criteria are listed last.

   Pro (Yes)    Con (No)

   Clinton, Hillary (D) - Con

Hillary Clinton, U.S. Senator (D-NY), stated in the July 25, 2006 Congressional Record on the Library of Congress, THOMAS website:

"While we all hope that young women will involve their parents in these decisions, mandating parental consent has the serious potential to do more harm than good. In fact, during congressional testimony, Dr. Warren Seigel, an expert in adolescent medicine, stated that legislation mandating parental involvement `represents bad medicine and places politics before the health of our youth.'"
July 25, 2006 Hillary Clinton


Top
         Gravel, Mike (Lib) - None Found

ProCon.org emailed the Gravel campaign on Feb. 22, 2008 with this question. We had not received a reply or found a position as of Mar. 12, 2008.

 

Top
     Keyes, Alan (Ind) - Not Clearly Pro or Con

Alan Keyes, former Assistant U.S. Secretary of State, stated in the "Abortion / Life Issues" section on his official candidate website (accessed Apr. 2, 2008):

"Our rights, including the right to life, are unalienable. If we kill ourselves or consent to allow another to do so, we both destroy and surrender our right to life. We act unjustly. We usurp the power that belongs solely to the Creator, and deny the basis of our claim to human rights."
Apr. 2, 2008 Alan Keyes

Top
McCain, John (R) - Pro

John McCain, U.S. Senator (R-AZ), stated in the Sep. 29, 2006 Congressional Record on the Library of Congress, THOMAS website:

"...[D]espite the fact that 23 States require a minor to receive parental consent prior to obtaining an abortion, these important laws are being violated. Today, minors, with the assistance of adults who are not their parents, are being transported across State lines to receive abortions without obtaining parental consent. We must end this circumvention of State laws and, more importantly, the consequences such actions have on life."
Sep. 29, 2006 John McCain


Top
     McKinney, Cynthia (Grn) - Not Clearly Pro or Con

Cynthia McKinney, former U.S. House Representative (D-GA), voted No on the Apr. 27, 2005 "Child Interstate Abortion Notification Act" (H.R.748), which stated:

"Makes it an affirmative defense to a prosecution or civil action under this Act that a defendant reasonably believed that before the minor obtained the abortion, the required parental consent or notification or judicial authorization took place."
Apr. 27, 2005 Cynthia McKinney

Top
        Nader, Ralph (Ind) - None Found

ProCon.org emailed the Nader campaign on Mar. 26, 2008 with this question. We had not received a reply or found a position as of Apr. 11, 2008.

 

Top
        Obama, Barack (D) - Not Clearly Pro or Con

Barack Obama, U.S. Senator (D-IL), stated in a Jan. 5, 2004 Independent Voters of Illinois-Independent Precinct Organization questionnaire titled "IVI-IPO 2004 U.S. Senate Questionnaire":

"I oppose spousal notification or consent [to obtain an abortion]. Regarding parental notification, I would oppose any legislation that does not include a bypass provision for minors who have been victims of, or have reason to fear, physical or sexual abuse."
Jan. 5, 2004 Barack Obama


Top
        Paul, Ron (R) - Not Clearly Pro or Con

Ron Paul, U.S. Representative (R-TX), in a Mar. 28, 2005 article titled "Dr. Paul's Writings: Pro-Life Politics?" on his official candidate website, stated:

"This federalization of social issues, often championed by conservatives, has not created a pro-life culture, however. It simply has prevented the 50 states from enacting laws that more closely reflect the views of their citizens. Once we accepted the federalization of abortion law under the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision, we lost the ability to apply local community standards to ethical issues. It is much more difficult for pro-life advocates to win politically at the federal level. Those who seek a pro-life culture must accept that we will never persuade 300 million Americans to agree with us. Our focus should be on overturning Roe and getting the federal government completely out of the business of regulating state matters."
Mar. 28, 2005 Ron Paul
CANDIDATES WHO HAVE WITHDRAWN OR WHO NO LONGER MEET OUR CRITERIA
     Biden, Joe (D) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 3, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
     Brownback, Sam (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Oct. 19, 2007; no position found as of that date


Top
     Dodd, Chris (D) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 3, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
     Edwards, John (D) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 30, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
     Gilmore, Jim (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Aug. 14, 2007; no position found as of that date


Top
     Giuliani, Rudy (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 30, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top

   Huckabee, Mike (R) - Pro

Mike Huckabee, former Governor of Arkansas, stated in a Jan. 18, 2005 State News Service article titled "Arkansas to March for Life":

"...I signed a bill requiring minors to obtain parental consent before getting an abortion. It was amazing to me that minors were required to get parental consent before getting ears pierced or a tattoo, but they were allowed to have this major surgical procedure without their parents having any say whatsoever."
Jan. 18, 2005 Mike Huckabee


Top
     Hunter, Duncan (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 19, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
 
   Imperato, Daniel (3rd/I) - None Found
 
 
ProCon.org emailed the Imperato campaign on Feb. 22, 2008 with this question. Mr. Imperato provided a response to this question and 26 others during a recorded 45-minute telephone interview with ProCon.org on Mar. 11, 2008. On Mar. 21, 2008 Mr. Imperato no longer met our eligibility criteria for inclusion on this site, and we stopped transcribing his verbal responses as of that date.

 

Top

   Kubby, Steve (3rd/I) - Pro

Steve Kubby, a Libertarian candidate and founder of the American Medical Marijuana Association, stated in a Feb. 22, 2008 email to ProCon.org:

"From a medical standpoint, abortion is normally a non-emergency, elective procedure. I know of no other non-emergency, elective medical procedure in which it is considered controversial to ascribe authority -- and responsibility -- to parents when the patient is a minor. Schools won't dispense aspirin to students without parental consent. A teenager can't get an ear pierced unless mom or dad signs off. No medical doctor who wanted to remain licensed would perform liposuction or non-emergency heart surgery on a minor before getting parental consent. Children's parents make these decisions for them. That's how it works, and I don't see why abortion should be an exception.

That said, I think that we do need to reconsider the very definition of 'minor.' The laws vary from state to state, but in general you can drive at 16, vote and get drafted at 18, but you can't drink until you're 21. There's no sensible argument for this -- it's like we pulled numbers out of a hat or something. Instead of assigning arbitrary ages for the exercise of adult prerogatives, we should recognize people as adults when they assume responsibility for their lives. This might be a formal process (such a process already exists, and courts already 'emancipate' teens from their parents occasionally), or it might be informal but contestible (there's a procedure in place for contesting it as well -- see Britney Spears' situation for a recent and well-known example)."
Feb. 22, 2008 Steve Kubby


Top
     Kucinich, Dennis (D) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 25, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
   McEnulty, Frank (3rd/I) - Pro

Frank McEnulty, an Independent candidate and President of Our Castle Homes, in a Feb. 28, 2008 email to ProCon.org, stated:

"Absolutely, positively and without exception. If there are parents responsible for the care and welfare of a minor this must be their decision. I also believe this is a right which must be established by the states. If not, then the minor's legal guardians would be responsible for making these decisions."
Feb. 28, 2008 Frank McEnulty


Top
     Richardson, Bill (D) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 10, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
     Romney, Mitt (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Feb. 7, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
   Smith, Christine (3rd/I) - Pro

Christine Smith, a Libertarian candidate and a social and political activist, stated in a Feb. 27, 2008 email to ProCon.org:

"Yes."
Feb. 27, 2008 Christine Smith

Top
     Tancredo, Tom (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Dec. 20, 2007; no position found as of that date


Top
     Thompson, Fred (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Jan. 22, 2008; no position found as of that date


Top
     Thompson, Tommy (R) - None Found  
Withdrew on Sep. 12, 2007; no position found as of that date


Top
     Vilsack, Tom (D) - None Found  
Withdrew on Feb. 23, 2007; no position found as of that date

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